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The Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt ( German: Landgrafschaft Hessen-Darmstadt) was a State of the Holy Roman Empire, ruled by a younger branch of the House of Hesse. It was formed in 1567 following the division of the Landgraviate of Hesse between the four sons of Landgrave Philip I .

Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt was born to Louis VIII, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt and Charlotte of Hanau-Lichtenberg and Müntzenberg. As a child he was schooled in politics and prepared to take over the Landgraviate from his father.

Three years later on the death of his father, Louis IX became the Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt. (Note: This is a simplification of the jurisdiction of these lands and the residences of this royal family) A history in English may be found at the Wikipedia article Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt.

Louis IX of Hesse-Darmstadt ( German: Ludwig) (15 December 1719 – 6 April 1790) was the reigning Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt from 1768 to 1790. Louis IX. Portrait of Louis IX around 1780 in the Musée historique de Strasbourg. Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt.

e. Louis I, Grand Duke of Hesse (14 June 1753 in Prenzlau – 6 April 1830 in Darmstadt) was Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt (as Louis X) and later the first Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine . Louis was the son of Louis IX, Landgrave of Hesse-Darmstadt, and succeeded his father in 1790.