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“The World Jewish Congress is distressed by the Vinnitsa municipality’s disgraceful and regrettable decision to celebrate the anti-Semitic nationalist leader Symon Petliura as a ‘Defender of Ukraine’ and by Vinnitsa Regional Chairman Valery Korovy’s description of him as an ‘honest man.’

Not without justification, Applebaum rejects the charge of antisemitism against Symon Petliura, head of the Ukrainian People’s Republic during the pogroms, but admits that many Ukrainian generals and soldiers were antisemitic.

Symon Petliura, the Ukrainian president, realized the value of promoting Ukrainian culture, language, and music worldwide to gain support for the new state. Under Alexander Koshetz‘s leadership, Ukraine first sent out a choir of fifty men and women to Prague, Czechoslovakia, on May 11, 1919. Concert in Prague, 1919

The Russian Civil War [p] (7 November 1917 — 16 June 1923) [12] was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the overthrowing of the social-democratic Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.

The Treaty of Warsaw, Piłsudski's agreement with Hetman Symon Petliura, the exiled Ukrainian nationalist leader, and two other members of the Directorate of Ukraine, was signed on 21 April 1920. It appeared to be Piłsudski's major success, potentially signifying the beginning of a successful implementation of his long-held designs.

Częstochowa ( / ˌtʃɛnstəˈkoʊvə / CHEN-stə-KOH-və, [2] [3] Polish: [t͡ʂɛ̃stɔˈxɔva] ⓘ; German: Tschenstochau, Czenstochau, pronounced [/ˈt͡ʃɛnstɔxaʊ̯/] ⓘ; Latin: Czanstochova) [4] [5] is a city in southern Poland on the Warta River with 214,342 inhabitants, making it the thirteenth-largest city in Poland. [1]

The Treaty of Warsaw (also the Polish-Ukrainian or Petlura-Piłsudski Alliance or Agreement) of April 1920 was a military-economical alliance between the Second Polish Republic, represented by Józef Piłsudski, and the Ukrainian People's Republic, represented by Symon Petlura, against Bolshevik Russia.

Elements of public diplomacy can be seen in the activities of the wives of the first persons of Ukraine and Poland during the struggle for statehood: Maria Hrushevska, Aleksandra Piłsudska, Olha Petliura, and Michalina Mościcka. They created the historical basis for the use of public diplomacy tools by First Ladies.