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t. e. Louis IV ( German: Ludwig IV. Großherzog von Hessen und bei Rhein; 12 September 1837 – 13 March 1892) was the Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 13 June 1877 until his death in 1892. Through his marriage to Queen Victoria 's second daughter Alice, he was connected to the British royal family.

The couple had two sons: Georg Donatus, Hereditary Grand Duke of Hesse (1906–1937). He married Ernest's grand-niece, Princess Cecilie of Greece... Louis, Prince of Hesse and by Rhine (1908–1968), who married Margaret Campbell Geddes, daughter of Auckland Geddes, 1st...

The eldest daughter of Princess Alice (the third child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert) and Louis IV, the Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, Victoria was born in Windsor Castle in April 1863. Throughout her life, Victoria was presented with many hard challenges.

Created Prince-elector of Hesse as His Royal and Serene Highness in 1803. Between 1807 and 1813 the Grand-Duchy was annexed to the Kingdom of Westphalia. Louis I: 14 June 1753: 1790–1830: 6 April 1830: Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt Grand Duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt: Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt 19 February 1777 Darmstadt seven children

Biography 1859 thaler of Hesse, depicting Louis III. He was the son of Grand Duke Louis II of Hesse and his consort, Princess Wilhelmine of Baden. He succeeded as Grand Duke in 1848 upon the abdication of his father during the March Revolution in the German states.

The House of Hesse is a European dynasty, directly descended from the House of Brabant. They ruled the region of Hesse, one branch as prince-electors until 1866, and another branch as grand dukes until 1918.

Louis, Prince of Hesse and by Rhine ( Ludwig Hermann Alexander Chlodwig, 20 November 1908 – 30 May 1968) was the youngest son of Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse by his second wife, Princess Eleonore of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich. He was a great-grandson of Queen Victoria.

Louis IV Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, also called Grand Duke Ludwig IV was the oldest son of Prince Charles of Hesse and by Rhine (April 23, 1809 - March 20, 1877) and Princess Elizabeth of Prussia (June 18, 1815 - March 21, 1885). He ruled from June 13, 1877 until his death on March 13, 1892.